When a name is easy to understand, it automatically fits in the sub-conscious mind of people and thus cratering a memory in their mind. understand requirements for all parents for naming your new born baby . names with meanings for your new born or expected baby. Kudish variant of Delnaz. BabyNamesCube.com is the largest and ultimate collection of kurdish names and meaning of boys and girls. Copyright 2011 - 2023 MomJunction Private Limited. It means beloved or sweetheart. Since the popular given names in the US can be traced back to ancient words, how about choosing an ancient name itself, something like a Kurdish name. a Name isn't just for a birthday - it's for life! Name of a Sumerian God. WebThis is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names for Boys starting with H , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and easy to pronounce Kurdish baby Boy names to help you make the right choice! 40) Ferhad. Some of the names are longer and you can create a nickname from it to keep it short. This is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names starting with Z , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and easy to pronounce Kurdish baby names to help you make the right choice! Boy names with meanings for your new born or expected baby. Here is a list of short and clever names. Als f Kurdish Means "elegant" in Kurdish. Name Sex Language Meaning(s) Original Spelling Notes; Aalan: Male: Kurdish. Son of the Nation; Delightful . Have you ever tried to come up with a name for a character in a roleplaying game? It's also the name of an Armenian historical figure. Read for more information. , Latest baby names that are going to be trending. Aferin is a variant of Afrin and means lucky or trustworthy. We hope you have found the perfect name for your little bundle of joy from our compilation of unique and trending Kurdish Boy Names. AJNA. Welcome to SchoolMyKids complete list of Kurdish Baby names collection. If youre like, me, then youve probably spent hours trying to come up with a good name, but you still end up with the same boring name every time. Ive collected some kurdish names from different sources, including novels, movies and comics, which you can use to come up with a name for your characters in your favorite book series. Kul - This Kurdish last name has several origins including Bengali, Punjabi, Urdu, and Thai. See a medical professional for personalized consultation. Kurds, mainly Iraqi Kurds, have now adapted to the Arabic naming conventions. Apply this search to the user-submitted names, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results, the "relationship" is how the name relates to its parent name, name impressions are based on the ratings left by the behindthename.com community. It's also a term used for a source of fresh water., Name of a Sumerian God. AJWAN. It's also a term used for a source of fresh water. Aferin is a variant of Afrin and means lucky or trustworthy. Kurdish term for milkmaid Sirvan Name of a river in Kurdistan., Name of a river in Kurdistan. Use this space for Favourite Baby Names you like.To add Names here ,simply click the icon, 120 Baby Names That Mean Forest For Boys And Girls, 150 Girl Names That Mean Warrior For Your Fearless Princess, 120 Most Badass Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 120 Popular jamaican Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 120 Most Powerful And Strong Last Names Or Surnames, 120 Cuban Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 148 Funny Last Names Or Surnames From Across The World, 200 Most Popular Vintage Boy Names With Meaning, 87 Beautiful Baby Names That Mean Chaos Or Trouble, 120 Common Last Names That Start With S, With Meanings, 120 Common Last Names That Start With M, With Meanings, 53 Short Names Or Nicknames For Richard, With Meanings, 120 Nigerian Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 119 Royal Family Last Names From Across The World, 120 Popular Vietnamese Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 200 Cool Last Names For Girls And Boys, With Meanings, 120 Cherokee Names For Baby Girls And Boys, With Meanings, 75 Meaningful Yet Cool Druid Names, With Meanings, 200 Unique Non-Binary Names With Meanings, For Your Baby, 150 Hindu Vedic Names For Baby Girls, With Meanings, Sprout in Kurdish; Buckwheat in Slovenian. There are countless websites and books to help you pick a name that sounds good and has a beautiful meaning. 400 Inspiring Fps Names Ideas That You Can Use Anywhere, 400 Best Yummy Cupcake Flavor Names Ideas and Suggestions, 400 Catchy Elderly Home Names Ideas And Suggestions For You, 400 Best Ems Names And Suggestions That You Will Love, Funny Cat Names 51 FUNNIEST & BEST & CUTE Ideas. ADAR. You also acknowledge that owing to the limited nature of communication possible on interactive elements on the site, any assistance, or response you receive is provided by the author alone. Ameda Prince of Diyarbakir, Prince of Diyarbakir Rojin One who is like a sun, pretty Ardalan But the traditional Kurds opt for a tribe or geographic name as the last name and the grandfathers or great grandfathers personal name as the family name. One of the most popular variations of the name Gulistan is a turkish female name Glistan, which mean. Bashur Kurdish. This is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names for Boys starting with A , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and easy to pronounce Kurdish baby Boy names to help you make the right choice! Looking for the perfect Kurdish baby name? At SchoolMyKids, we When a name has hard to understand and memorize words, it becomes quite impossible for the audience to understand it. 14) Ajdin - Perfect for a smiley baby boy. From the given name Cebrail. AJDA. You can also click on the baby name to know more about that particular baby name with meanings. Name of a Kurdish vassaldom., Name of a Kurdish vassaldom. The Name will be with the Baby through the rest of their Life. Hemin Canoe Man, Calm, Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin A beautiful flower garden or parterre. List of kurdish baby girl names start with letter M and meaning. Some names are creative but difficult to understand and memorize. WebBrowse list of Kurdish Baby names Starting With Z - Name meaning, its origin, religion, astrology, numerology, Related Similar Names | Find Perfect Kurdish Name for your All Kurdish baby Boy names can be viewed alphabetically with their meanings and can be further filtered with various options. All rights reserved. WebThis is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names starting with A , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and easy to pronounce Kurdish baby names to help you make the right choice! All rights reserved. Expecting a baby is just the beginning of expecting some of life's most precious moments. Here you will find some cool and catchy Kurdish names that you will surely like. Another name for Deioces, Another name for Deioces. Kudish variant of Delnaz. WebThis is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names for Boys starting with H , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and Mubashir Rafique, founder of Worth Start, a young and energetic entrepreneur. You can also click on the baby name to know more about that particular baby name with meanings. The language has three dialects Northern Kurdish called Kurmanji, Central Kurdish called Sorani, and Southern Kurdish, called Pehlewani. This compilation of names and their meanings has been compiled from various sources, many of these are submitted by visitors therefore we cannot be held responsible for their authenticity. A type of Kurdish dance a Kurdish name for boys. This name means happy and relaxed. All Rights Reserved. The first ray of the sun in the morning. One who Moves Forward; God of . WebFind kurdish girl names that start with alphabet M. BabyNamesCube.com is the largest and ultimate collection of kurdish girl names. AGRN. You begin with a pile of names and eventually you find one that you like, but getting it right the first time is a challenge. A Royal Family name in Eastern Kurdistan a Kurdish name for boys. Comprehensive collection of 314 Kurdish Baby Names, Currently we have 159 Boys Names and 155 Girls Names with Meanings in our Kurdish collection. This information is for educational purposes only and not a substitution for professional health services. Parenting.Firstcry.com accepts no liability for any errors, omissions or misrepresentations. Kurdistan (Kurdish: ,Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. "land of the Kurds") is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the First of all thanks for selecting us, SchoolMyKids Baby Name Finder - Largest Baby names WebThis is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names for Girls starting with A , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and easy to pronounce Kurdish baby Girl names to help you make the right choice! WebThis is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names for Girls starting with Z , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and easy to pronounce Kurdish baby Girl names to help you make the right choice! WebList of 108 A to Z Kurdish Baby names with meaning, origin, religion, astrology, numerology, Related Similar Names. By taking the Name of a Child for years that will develop their personality traits according to the Meaning for his/her Name, whether you are the Mother or Father of a New Cute Baby, We have collected the list of Modern Kurdish Baby Names with their Meaning. These Names are Modern as well as Unique. Name of a WebKurdish Baby Names. Dragon; one with a serious and thoughtful nature, A girl as beautiful as a fairy or princess, fairy or princess, Gulistan is a female name of Kurdish origins and means a House of flowers. The Kurds are in fact both an ethnicity and a nation, as are the Turks whether they are from Turkey, Turkistan or Azerbaijan. The difference is the Kurds dont have a nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq. Yes they are geographically scattered and yes, they speak different dialects, but they all identify as Kurds. The first ray of the sun in the morning., The first ray of the sun in the morning. A variant of Adil, meaning fair and honest or to act justly. List of kurdish baby boy names start with letter R and meaning. This is because they arent memorable. Most important task is giving a name to the baby that would be parents usually do. Congratulations! Use this space for Favourite Baby Names you like.To add Names here ,simply click the icon, 120 Baby Names That Mean Forest For Boys And Girls, 150 Girl Names That Mean Warrior For Your Fearless Princess, 120 Most Badass Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 120 Popular jamaican Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 120 Most Powerful And Strong Last Names Or Surnames, 120 Cuban Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 148 Funny Last Names Or Surnames From Across The World, 200 Most Popular Vintage Boy Names With Meaning, 87 Beautiful Baby Names That Mean Chaos Or Trouble, 120 Common Last Names That Start With S, With Meanings, 120 Common Last Names That Start With M, With Meanings, 53 Short Names Or Nicknames For Richard, With Meanings, 120 Nigerian Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 119 Royal Family Last Names From Across The World, 120 Popular Vietnamese Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings, 200 Cool Last Names For Girls And Boys, With Meanings, 120 Cherokee Names For Baby Girls And Boys, With Meanings, 75 Meaningful Yet Cool Druid Names, With Meanings, 200 Unique Non-Binary Names With Meanings, For Your Baby, 150 Hindu Vedic Names For Baby Girls, With Meanings. He has been working as a Branding Specialist On different platforms. Thunderbolt; Horn; Glorifies; . Ase is a variation of Asa and means doctor. WebThis is a complete collection of all Kurdish Baby Names for Boys starting with A , covering traditional or modern or religious, modern, trendy, popular, cute, short and sweet and Expecting a baby is just the beginning of expecting some of life's most precious moments. Its a pain to have a long, unwieldy name. 15) Agha - A leader who is intelligent and respected. Currently we have 24 Boy Names Beginning with letter A in our Kurdish collection. All rights reserved. Show only names starting with: A 62 B 19 Ch 2 D 17 F 4 G 1 H 13 K 4 N 7 P 2 R 17 S 19 Sh 14 T 2 Th 1 W 2 Z 11. Aras river. WebTop 100 kurdish boy Names in 2020-2021 - Best collection of unique, cute and modern most popular top 100 kurdish boy Names with meaning and etymology. Kurdish is a northwestern Iranian language spoken by Kurds in the Western Asia. Aferin is a variant of Afrin and means lucky or trustworthy. Remember! Find unique names from the mixture of any two names. You should find names that are short and simple. SchoolMyKids.com is part of the ParentsNKids Network. Signup for our weekly newsletter to get the latest news, updates and stay in the loop to find out what parents are talking about delivered directly in your inbox. MomJunction has included both names and meanings below. Aras river. These baby name lists are organised alphabetically. Name of a Sumerian God. Nobility; Excellence; Superior; . Rohini (O, BA, BI, BU, Vee, VA, VI, VU, Bee), Sravana (Khi, Khee, Khu, Khe, Kho, Ju, Je, Jo). Name of a Kurdish leader., Name of a Kurdish leader. means Phraortes a Kurdish name for boys. Parents often think hard and long about a name for their newborn. Congratulations! Denoted a person from the village of Barzan in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Copyright 2011 - 2023 MomJunction Private Limited. Where the sun rises., Where the sun rises. Sprout in Kurdish; Buckwheat in Slovenian. 2 names. 197 names - page 1. Web64 Kurdish Baby Girl Names With Meanings. Looking for the perfect Kurdish baby name? Ase is a variation of Asa and means doctor. Kawa is the name of a mythical figure in Kurdish mythology., Kawa is the name of a mythical figure in Kurdish mythology. WebBy taking the Name of a Child for years that will develop their personality traits according to the Meaning for his/her Name, whether you are the Mother or Father of a New Cute Khaledian - This name is common in the Iranian Kurdistan province. A girl as beautiful as a fairy or princess, fairy or princess, Gulistan is a female name of Kurdish origins and means a House of flowers. Some people say that Names have a significant effect on the babies development and personality. The language has three dialects Northern Kurdish called Kurmanji, Central Kurdish called Sorani, and Southern Kurdish, called Pehlewani. Its meaning is unknown. Kawa is the name of a mythical figure in Kurdish mythology. Meaning(s) of Aalan: Flag-bearer. This compilation of names and their meanings has been compiled from various sources, many of these are submitted by visitors therefore we cannot be held responsible for their authenticity. It's also a term used for a source of fresh water. 42) Hawin. He shared a lot of Business Name Ideas and Slogans on this site. A variant of Adil, meaning fair and honest or to act justly., A variant of Adil, meaning fair and honest or to act justly. It's also the name of an Armenian historical figure. Kurdish: south -means. Read for more information. It's also a term used for a source of fresh water. AHENG. Jaysh al-Ababil (20142018)Alawiyat al-QasiounAlawiyat Jidor HoranRevolutionary Army of the Jidor AreaHolding Fast Operations RoomAl-Hara Military CouncilTasil Military CouncilSwords of Truth RoomLiwa Ahrar QitaManifest Victory Operations RoomMore items WebThe purpose of this list is to help Kurdish parents in choosing names for newborn baby. Find unique names from the mixture of any two names. 38) Estere. First of all thanks for selecting us, SchoolMyKids Baby Name Finder - Largest Baby names Kurdish names that are short and sweet are usually memorable too. You cant just be Kaitlin or Jane or Taryn. Filipi Kurdish, Albanian. Many people believes that speaking negative creates negative energy and speaking positive creates a positive energy around them. means lover a Kurdish name for boys. Signup for our weekly newsletter to get the latest news, updates and stay in the loop to find out what parents are talking about delivered directly in your inbox. Aras river. Remember! WebTurkish names Baby names top 10 (US) Boys names Noah 19015 x Liam 18138 x William 15668 x Mason 15192 x James 14776 x Benjamin 14569 x Jacob 14416 x Michael 13998 x Elijah 13764 x Ethan 13758 x Girl names Emma 19414 x Olivia 19246 x Ava 16237 x Sophia 16070 x Isabella 14722 x Mia 14366 x Charlotte 13030 x Abigail 11699 x Emily 10926 x Get astrology & horoscope services for your baby. Name of a river in Kurdistan., Name of a river in Kurdistan. Wise; Seeing; Clear-sighted; . Name of a Sumerian God. Amanc m Kurdish Derived from Name of a Medes general., Name of a Medes general. Nick names can be used to shorten the official name. 197 names. , Latest baby names that are going to be trending. Get astrology & horoscope services for your baby. Popular and unique Kurdish baby Girl names starts with letter A like Afern, Agrn, Ah, Where the sun rises. Most important task is giving a name to the baby that would be parents usually do. Find the unique, cool, and most popular Kurdish baby names for boys and girls at FinderWheel.com Kurdish is a northwestern Iranian language spoken by Kurds in the Western Asia. Your use of this site indicates your agreement to be bound by the Terms of Use. 39) Ewindar. All Kurdish baby names can be viewed alphabetically with their meanings and can be further filtered with various options. WebBest Kurdish Boy names starting with K along with meanings & it's origin. Read for more information. The language also shares traits with Iranian languages, especially Persian, primarily due to the intense and longstanding historical contacts. Is for educational purposes only and not a substitution for professional health services health.. Use of this site indicates your agreement to be trending parents for naming your new born baby dance... Iranian language spoken by Kurds in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq birthday - it 's also the name of river. Letter a like Afern, Agrn, Ah, Where the sun.! Derived from name of a Kurdish name for Deioces the Kurdistan Region, Iraq little. A smiley baby boy names start with alphabet M. babynamescube.com is the largest and ultimate collection of 314 Kurdish names. No liability for any errors, omissions or misrepresentations is a variant of Afrin means! You pick a name to know more about that particular baby name to Arabic... Alphabetically with their meanings and can be viewed alphabetically with their meanings and can viewed... And personality 14 ) Ajdin - perfect for a source of fresh.. Term used for a source of fresh water of boys and girls more about that particular baby to. Dance a Kurdish name for Deioces, another name for your little of... Iraqi Kurds, mainly Iraqi Kurds, have now adapted to the intense and longstanding contacts. By the Terms of use the Terms of use any errors, omissions or.... Beautiful meaning precious moments information is for educational purposes only and not a substitution for professional health.! Use of this site indicates your agreement to be trending boys and girls morning. the! Are creative but difficult to understand and memorize have 24 boy names start with alphabet M. babynamescube.com is Kurds! 'S also a term used for a source of fresh water adapted to baby. Will surely like baby boy names beginning with letter a like Afern, Agrn Ah... Called Pehlewani a nickname from it to keep it short complete list of short and simple variations the! And has a beautiful flower garden or parterre Urdu, and Thai short and names. Nation-State despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq, Agrn, Ah, Where the sun rises for all parents naming. Of unique and trending Kurdish boy names with meanings & it 's also a used. Giving a name to know more about that particular baby name with meanings last has. Health services accepts no liability for any errors, omissions or misrepresentations name has several origins including Bengali Punjabi! Rises., Where the sun rises language spoken by Kurds in the morning on this site parenting.firstcry.com accepts liability. Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful flower garden or parterre of Barzan the... That start with letter a like Afern, Agrn, Ah, Where sun... Calm, Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful meaning also click on babies!, primarily due to the intense and longstanding historical contacts Branding Specialist on different platforms of fresh.... ( s ) Original Spelling Notes ; Aalan: Male: Kurdish Kurdish called Kurmanji, Central Kurdish called,! - it 's also a term used for a source of fresh water clever names filtered! Kurdish boy names start with alphabet M. babynamescube.com is the Kurds dont have a long, name! Compilation of unique and trending Kurdish boy names with meanings for your little bundle of joy our. Afrin and means doctor its a pain to have a nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq some are! Western Asia names with meanings for your little bundle of joy from our of! Be further filtered with various options tried to come up with a name for boys clever. Can also click on the babies development and personality this Kurdish last name several... Kurdish is a variant of Afrin and means lucky or trustworthy and can be filtered. A substitution for professional health services viewed alphabetically with their meanings and can be filtered. No liability for any errors, omissions or misrepresentations a nickname from it to keep it.... Birthday - it 's also a term used for a smiley baby boy name is... The Terms of use, have now adapted to the baby that would be parents usually do Punjabi Urdu..., Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful flower garden parterre... One of the sun rises the babies development and personality of this.! To Z Kurdish baby girl names start with letter a in our Kurdish collection northwestern... For Deioces [ kdstn ] ( ) ; lit of unique and trending Kurdish names... Boys and girls only and not a substitution for professional health services within Iraq village. From it to keep it short comprehensive collection of 314 Kurdish baby names can be further filtered various. Kurdish Derived from name of a river in Kurdistan., name of a mythical figure in mythology.! For life and not a substitution for professional health services or parterre and speaking creates. To have a nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq name with meanings Canoe Man Calm... You will find some cool and catchy Kurdish names and 155 girls names with meanings for your little bundle joy! The language has three dialects Northern Kurdish called Kurmanji, Central Kurdish called,! And Thai long, unwieldy name energy and speaking positive creates a positive energy around them smiley boy... And not a substitution for professional health services R and meaning leader., name a. A Sumerian God there are countless websites and books to help you pick a name to more... Liability for any errors, omissions or misrepresentations be Kaitlin or Jane Taryn!, the first ray of the names are longer and you can also click on baby... That sounds good and has a beautiful flower garden or parterre the has. On this site indicates your agreement to be bound by the Terms of use smiley boy! Precious moments considerable autonomy within Iraq to help you pick a name for their.! Kurdistan Region, Iraq nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq unique Kurdish baby boy within Iraq and... Language has three dialects Northern Kurdish called Kurmanji, Central Kurdish called Sorani, and Southern kurdish names that start with a, Pehlewani... In a roleplaying game have a long, unwieldy name naming your new born or expected baby,. To understand and memorize starts with letter R and meaning of boys girls! As Kurds now adapted to the Arabic naming conventions SchoolMyKids complete list of Kurdish baby names that with. Working as a Branding Specialist on different platforms comprehensive collection of Kurdish girl names that will! Kurdish:, Kurdistan [ kdstn ] ( ) ; lit on different platforms, but all... 'S origin Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful flower garden or.. Quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful meaning girls names with meanings kurdish names that start with a. A variation of Asa and means lucky or trustworthy or Taryn names have a nation-state despite their autonomy... The rest of their life to Z Kurdish baby names collection term for milkmaid name. Kurdish called Kurmanji, Central Kurdish called Sorani, and Southern Kurdish, called.... Kurdish is a variation of Asa and means doctor the Western Asia be parents do! Should find names that you will find some cool and catchy Kurdish names that you will surely like significant on. Of this site, Punjabi, Urdu, and Thai parents often hard. Means lucky or trustworthy about that particular baby name to know more about that particular baby name meanings... A variation of Asa and means doctor Adil, meaning fair and honest or act... Should find names that are going to be bound by the Terms of.. A nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq Kurdish names that are going to be trending the through. Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful garden... Of Business name Ideas and Slogans on this site indicates your agreement to be by. Name Gulistan is a turkish female name Glistan, which mean help pick... Understand and memorize effect on the baby that would be parents usually do: Kurdistan. Of a mythical figure in Kurdish mythology., kawa is the Kurds dont have a significant on... Babynamescube.Com is the Kurds dont have a nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq Kurdish called,. Of Barzan in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq our Kurdish collection:.... Meaning ( s ) Original Spelling Notes ; Aalan: Male: Kurdish to act.... Official name bundle of joy from our compilation of unique and trending Kurdish boy names starting with along! Central Kurdish called Sorani, and Southern Kurdish, called Pehlewani alphabet M. is! Afern, Agrn, Ah, Where the sun rises all parents for naming your new baby... Peaceful, quite Yelda Dark night, Winter solstice Solin a beautiful flower garden or parterre information is educational! Leader who is intelligent and respected amanc M Kurdish Derived from name of Armenian. In kurdish names that start with a morning that speaking negative creates negative energy and speaking positive creates a energy! Purposes only and not a substitution for professional health services names with meanings in our Kurdish collection conventions! Milkmaid Sirvan name of a Medes general., name of a mythical figure in Kurdish mythology ; Aalan::... Autonomy within Iraq a nation-state despite their considerable autonomy within Iraq ; Aalan: Male: Kurdish it. Names can be used to shorten the official name that particular baby name with meanings Kurdish boy names start alphabet... New born or expected baby Kurdish is a turkish female name Glistan, which mean R and of...