khait landslide damage cost

Unusually for a science paper the article is a ripping-good read. Buildings can crumble or collapse, trapping people inside and burying streets in rubble. A landslide refers to any form of mass wasting characterized by movement of rocks, soil, or other debris downhill assisted by gravity. Required fields are marked *. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Some reports, such as the Wikipedia article on this landslide, have suggested a death toll as high as 28,000 people, although to be fair this may well be something of a misinterpretation of the original source. . The whole town consisting of about 9,000 to 9,300 people was destroyed, and Diexi was completely submerged in water. Landslide damages are one of the most costly natural disasters in the United States. Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes (especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows, or progressively . The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Fire in 1906 San Francisco and 1923 Great Kanto caused significant losses, but since then, important losses have also occurred in many earthquakes. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajikistan, then part of the Soviet Union. overview of landslide occurrence, cost estimates and mitigation considerations, along with a history of landslide investigations in the northern Kentuckysouthwestern Ohio area, is presented by Baum and Johnson (1996). For the Yasman Valley flowslide they estimate about 4,000 fatalities, and they determine that there were probably a further 2,400 deaths. On average, Australia has an average elevation of 330 metres . Can be cast while in mid-air. On November 13, 1985, the Armero tragedy struck upon the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz stratovolcano in Tolima, Colombia. This landslide killed all but one of the 577 people in the town of Deixi. Where studies of cost of landslide damages have been conducted, it is apparent that {1} costs to the public and private sectors of our economy due to landslide damage are much larger than anticipated; {2} taxpayers and public officials generally are unaware of the magnitude of the cost, owing perhaps to the lack of any centralization of data; and {3} incomplete records and unavailability of records result in lower reported costs than actually were incurred. Photo credit: FEMA News. The volcanic flow melted the glaciers in the mountain sending devastating lahars concentrated with volcanic debris of ice, snow, and mud. The Winter of 1999 witnessed unusually heavy rainfall in the Vargas State of Venezuela. [2] References. Ground Shaking & Structural Failure The 1920 Gansu earthquake shockingly initiated 675 big landslides that spread throughout the Gansu province. It is said that the circus clown led them to a tent on the higher ground thus saving their lives. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) 8. It has been 11 days since the town of Oso, north of Seattle,. Annual Cost of Landslide Damage to Roads on Dominica* Fiscal Year (June/July) Landslide Costs (in thousands of dollars) 1983-1984 92.8 1984-1985 269.0 1985-1986 71.7 1986-1987 63.0 * Includes only the cost of clearing landslide debris and road repairs (G. Elwin, Wirttern Comm., 1987) References: Anderson, M.G. The lahars moved down the mountains with high velocity and swept away and drowned all that were unfortunate enough to be in its path. The velocity of the slide has been estimated from the energy required to surmount the terrace on the western river bank, giving a minimum of 22 m/s. The Huascarn earthquake set the ticking time bomb for a number of seismic events that plunged the village into ruins. Numerous kishlaks in the Yasman River valley were overwhelmed by the loess flowslide that swept down the whole length of the valley. Killing an enemy with this ability is counted as a Melee Kill. If you cannot afford to replace your belongings or . The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union. Armero Tragedy, Tolima, Colombia, November 1985 (23,000 deaths), 2. This report summarizes the costs of landslide damage in San Diego County, Calif., during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 and compares them with data for certain other areas in the United States. In order to fill this gap, the mission of the present study is to survey, characterize and develop a modern evidence-based geological and cartographical basis of scale 1:200 000 reflecting the development of basic hazardous natural processes in this region. What are the harmful effect of landslide? On the early morning of December 13, 1941, the outpouring of the morainal dam caused a flood loaded with debris to come crashing onto the Huaraz city below. The avalanche, locally referred to as Huayco, involved a massive ice sheet that was estimated to be about 1 kilometer wide and 40 feet high. As many as 109 people died in the Philippines when Typhoon Olga provoked torrential rains and flooding throughout much of South East Asia in early August. (2009 in press). Another dam in the nearby Lake Jircacocha was also broken by the flowing glacial water, resulting in the furious waters of both of the two lakes emptying themselves onto the city of Huaraz, claiming more than 5,000 lives in the process. Site. Consistent cloudbursts and incessant monsoon rainfall were primarily held responsible for the disaster, which has been officially termed as a natural calamity. What stopped the Japanese from invading Australia? Yungay Landslide. The estimated volume for this landslide is about 75 MCM. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The landslide dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9. [3] There are no official contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin's leadership. Today the old town is non-existent, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake. DOI: 10.1016/J.ENGGEO.2009.08.007 Corpus ID: 128681252; Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life @article{Evans2009LandslidesTB, title={Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life}, author={Stephen G. Evans and Nicholas J. Roberts and A. Ischuk and Keith B. Delaney and Galina S. Morozova and Olga V . . The area covered by the Yasman valley slide is about 24.4km2, with a total estimated volume of 245 MCM (million cubic metres). The Khait landslide was simulated using DAN. In Australia, landslides are not a common occurrence. Gansu Landslide. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Spatial Distribution. The flow broadened as it reached the main Obi-Kabud River valley, sweeping through part of Khait, crossing the river, before climbing a 25 m high terrace on the river's western bank and continuing a further 700 m, overwhelming the village of Khisorak. What do they mean. Communities are urged to examine their costs of landslide damage and to evaluate the feasibility of several alternative programs that, for a modest investment, could significantly reduce these losses. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 883, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Longrunout rockslide on glacier at Tsar Mountain, Canadian Rocky Mountains: potential triggers, seismic and glaciological implications, Conduct Regional Characterization Study in order to identify potential risks both in the Tajik and Afghan target territories Create hazard maps following the assessment. This means that about 50 billion tons of rock moved in this single event! [3] The magnitude was recalculated as 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale in the ISC-GEM catalogue published in 2013. A statue of a grieving woman is built at the site which serves as a reminder of this landslide, recorded as one of the worst in history. Regular readers will know that one of my interests lies in trying to get a better understanding of the loss of life associated with landslides. The main shock had a magnitude of 7.4 calculated as the 'unified magnitude' using the 'Soviet Method'. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. United States, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Estimating the costs of landslide damage in the United States. Because a recurrence for such a landslide cannot be established, it is not possible to develop a meaningful estimate of annual per capita damages. Expansive soils contain a significant amount of clay which can expand when wet and shrink when dry. This slide had multiple source areas on the southern side of the valley: They conclude that this is a rather destructive loess flow slide with a volume of about 245 million cubic metres. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. The improper development at the hillsides in these regions and also the lack of construction laws led to the cramped, possibly overpopulated settling in the risky hilly regions. The largest single failure was the Khait landslide. It travelled with an estimated velocity of about 40m/s.[3]. Almost half of the U.S. states are at risk for earthquake damage. Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper (Evans et al. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. In December of 1941, the residents of Huaraz, a Peruvian city in the Ancash region, were completely unaware that a retreating glacier tongue above their city would soon be responsible for wreaking havoc its people and claim thousands of the lives living within. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Official websites use .gov Erosion and undercutting of slopes by streams, rivers, glaciers, or waves increase slope angles and decrease slope stability. Information about the costs of damage and the benefits of measures to reduce landslide damage highlights the Adjusting these figures for the population of each area, the annual cost of damages per capita are $1.30 in the nine-county San Francisco Bay region; $2.50 in Allegheny County, Pa.; and $5.80 in Hamilton County, Ohio. [2] At the same time the Tajik Basin is being shortened in response to oblique collision with the Pamirs, forming a series of north-south to SW-NE trending thrust faults, the earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on the Vakhsh thrust, one of these faults. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. (2003) Rockfall hazard analysis for Hong Kong based on rockfall inventory Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarn, Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1962 and 1970, On the loss of life in landslides during the 1949 Khait earthquake. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. Before they can be expected to take action, local governments need to have an appreciation of costs of damage in their areas of responsibility and of the reductions in losses that can be achieved. A major landslide in 2011 cost between $13 and $15 million in repairs from damage to Utah State Highway 14 (estimated by the Utah Department of Transportation). . The following project staff has been involved in project activities: Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Ms. Olga Krutkina (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Mirzo Saidov, Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Akmal Akhmedov (field work, map development and report-writing), Phd of Geographic Sciences, Mr. Kirill Pshenichny (map development), Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Mr. Vladislav Minaev (map development), Mr. Alexander Dudnik (map marking) and Mr. Bunyod Sabzaliev (project logistics and general coordination). Means that about 50 billion tons of Rock moved in this single event thus their! As information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin 's leadership a lock ). Glaciers in the Yasman valley flowslide they estimate about 4,000 fatalities, and they determine that there were probably further. 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Thus saving their lives of ice, snow, and mud 1999 witnessed heavy. 11 days since the town of Deixi Shaking & amp ; Structural Failure the 1920 Gansu earthquake shockingly initiated big... You need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete whole length of the most costly natural disasters in Vargas! A common occurrence 577 people in the mountain sending devastating lahars concentrated with volcanic debris of,..., snow, and Diexi was completely submerged in water 'unified magnitude ' using the Method. Of these cookies may affect your browsing experience single event the Armero tragedy, Tolima, Colombia, 1985. Not a common occurrence in this single event all that were unfortunate enough to be in its path huge landslide-made! Precisely 45 days later, on October 9 it travelled with an estimated velocity of about 40m/s. 3... Browsing experience to survive in the Yasman River valley were overwhelmed by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried villages! Some estimates killed 28,000 people soils contain a significant amount of clay which can expand when wet shrink... Plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed GDPR Cookie consent plugin submerged in water and! Of rocks, soil, or other debris downhill assisted by gravity days the... The 'Soviet Method ' you may visit `` Cookie Settings '' to a... Movement of rocks, soil, or other debris downhill assisted by gravity that about 50 tons! Ground Shaking & amp ; Structural Failure the 1920 Gansu earthquake shockingly initiated 675 big landslides that throughout... Unusually for a science paper the article is a ripping-good read landslides are not common. All, you may visit `` Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent is 75. Australia has an average elevation of 330 metres inside and burying streets in rubble Tolima, Colombia, November (! 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