He played electric slide guitar and sang, often with a tall, thin white harmonica player, Tom, and the drummer Porkchop Hines who claimed to have played with Louis Jordan and often sang the hit Caldonia. Porkchop lived in the building next door and supplied the electric power for the show. Horns and violins are prominent. According to the original caption, Rayfield was not worried "about the suggestion that the Maxwell St. market be wiped out. Aggressive rule-breaking commerce was their vocation, and pursuit of The Almighty Dollar their passion. 717 West Maxwell Street, , IL 60607 (773) 717-7979 Visit Website More From Eater Chicago Sign up for the newsletter Eater Chicago He learned guitar as a boy with Eddie Taylor, left an abusive field boss for Chicago, worked at an iron foundry and began playing in small clubs and on Maxwell Street. Maxwell Nail Spa is an independently owned business whose main purpose is to enhance the beauty of every individual. A thoughtful guitarist from Marianna, Arkansas, guitarist Floyd Jones grew up with Howlin Wolf. Backstage with J.B. by guitarist Dave Weld: http://www.chicagobluesguide.com/features/jb-hutto-by-weld/jb-hutto-weld-page.html, J.B. Hutto plays his racy Pet Cream Man, featuring his guitar slide on the And This Is FreeCD, Blinded in his youth, Jim Brewer was urged by his parents to learn music. The Maxwell Street parking lot will remain open for UI Health clinic patients and staff and other authorized personnel. He played at the Chicago Blues Festival in 1998, 2000, and 2003. http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/alex-easy-baby-randle/Content?oid=907503, Born James Dixon in Somerville, TX, Gray was a farmer, laborer and roustabout for the Ringling Bros. circus. Just because the sign says bananas are 50 cents for 4 pounds doesn't mean a purchase on the Maxwell Street market will be without its bargaining on Sept. 20, 1966. Jim's Original restaurant, one of the originators of the "Maxwell Street Polish," opened in 1939 at the northwest corner of Halsted and Maxwell. (Chicago Tribune historical photo), Just because the sign says bananas are 50 cents for 4 pounds doesn't mean a purchase on the Maxwell Street market will be without its bargaining on Sept. 20, 1966. 1100 West Harrison Street. Perkins played on Maxwell street from 1965 on, even at the new market at Canal Street after the old market was moved in 1994. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdeRc5vsoS4. His nickname came from a brief trip to that city after being rejected from military service in 1942. The sound I heard was coming from an old, beat-up looking boom box. Is that aria hes singing from the second act of La Traviata? He hardly moved. He died tragically of alcohol abuse. And we were on our way. Michael Boruch, DePaul University professor, Maxwell Street Foundation board member. Raw and unforgiving, cartooning democracy cultivated the art of ill will. Nothing and no person was sacred, immune from graphic scorn as a damned foola vain buffoon, maker of their own gullible foolishness. 733 W. Maxwell Street Chicago, IL 60607 . Most worked out of Chicago and many performed on Maxwell Street. (Walter Kale, Chicago Tribune), Hubcaps, rakes, brooms, shovels and more can be found at Maxwell Street's open-air market on Feb. 3, 1974. Blues Speak: Best of the Original Blues Annual, edited by Lincoln Beauchamp, U. of Illinois Press 2010. The view is looking north on Peoria Street. Born in 1933, growing up in Sunflower, Mississippi, Leon Brooks learned from masters Sonny Boy Williamson (Rice Miller), Elmore James, Boyd Gilmore and Charlie Booker. Moving to Chicago at age 14, he was too young for clubs like the Zanzibar and Vis where Muddy Waters and Howlin Wolf played. Eater: Who are you and what is your relationship to Jims Original? The guys that played [there] in the 1940s, [myself], Moody Jones, Floyd Jones, Little Walter we built the road for the blues in Chicago for Muddy Waters, Howling Wolf and all the rest. In 1948 he moved from Memphis to Chicago. The store moved in 2001 to nearby Union Street once the building was sold, muscled out by the soon-to-be-built University Village apartments. Pulled down by a drug problem, he quit music for 15 years, took a job and raised a family. The programs were recorded on first generation video tape equipment. He played with Otis Rush, Eddie Boyd, and Matt Guitar Murphy, and occasionally drummed for Muddy Waters and accompanied Ray Charles in the 1980 film Blues Brothers. We have been open since at least 1939, and sometime before that. A fishmonger tries to catch the attention of shoppers on a cold Sunday at the Maxwell Street market on Feb. 3, 1974. Never did his eyes meet mine. Henry Ford funded a printing of a half-million copies of The Protocols distributed throughout the U.S.. bjb, Copyright 2017. He died tragically of a heart attack after he ran over a man in an automobile. Many other blues people would visit the Market and sit-in with performers, or come to recruit musicians to play in their bands. The couple moved to Mississippi where Sarah died unexpectedly in 1937. On Maxwell Street, on Sept. 3, 1983, the merchant may change but the style of the hustling and the variety of merchandise remains the same. Maxwell Street market near Maxwell and Halsted Streets, Chicago, Illinois, March 22, 1953. The Original Maxwell Street Market, centered at Maxwell and Halsted Streets and stretching from Roosevelt Road to 16th Street, was an impromptu market established in the late 19th century by newly arrived Jewish residents from Eastern Europe. UIC Parking Services reserves the right to change all rates and fees without notice. According to his AllMusic biography by Cub Koda, harmonica player and singer Big John Wrencher was born in Sunflower County, MS, on a plantation. The view is looking north on Peoria Street. 49th and Ashland. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E7z56E0DwI, Jackson was known as the first commercially successful male blues singer. That sounds like Robert Merrill the Metropolitan Opera baritone. By the early 20th century, music began to be recorded and sold, and bluesmen and blueswomen learned and copied tunes and styles from musicians across the country. When this photo was published in 1965, the open-air market's future was in doubt. He published compositions by Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver, and in 1928 recorded the Hokum Boys, Tampa Red and Georgia Tom for Paramount. Please enter a valid email and try again. Chess recorded him but failed to release his songs; JOB label recorded several of his postwar blues classics in 1952-53, but he was discouraged by slow sales and retired from professional music until 1965, when the folk blues revival called him back. The African American traditions of blues and gospel grew from the same roots in the south: spirituals, work songs, and field hollers. House of Blues Blues Masters Vol. Crowds gather at the Maxwell Street market, circa March 24, 1964. Just as Elvis Presley copied African American rock n roll creators like Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, and Fats Domino promoted by Sam Phillips at Sun Records in the 1950s, British rocknroll bands copied and built upon American blues. He played with Freddie King and Jimmy Lee Robinson, Willie Johnson, Kansas City Red, Floyd Jones, Otis Rush and Robert Nighthawk throughout the 50, at 703 Club, the Zanzibar, Mr. Rickys, Theresas and others. A typical food stand on Maxwell Street on Sunday, Feb. 3, 1974. His babysitter was Memphis Minnie, an extraordinary singer, songwriter and guitar player who moved, like many of the musicians of the time, from the Delta to Memphis to Chicago. The Maxwell Street sound was created, beginning in the 1920s. Rayfield had made a living on Maxwell Street for 20 years grinding and selling horseradish. Frozen or on the rocks. But change was foisted upon the adored stand in 2021 when its landlord, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), told ownership that it needed to close between 1 a.m. and 6 a.m. daily as part of an effort to reduce crime in the area. The fact that the video and audio quality is superb, is nothing less than a miracle. Wells & Division + 1155 N Wells . A woman gives a Sunday morning serenade at Maxwell Street and Newberry Avenue in Chicago, circa October 1990. 08/03/2020 - KAREN Very friendly and the food (pork chop sandwich) was so good! Parking is available at the University Village Public Parking Garage (entrance on Maxwell Street). At one point in the distance I heard what sounded like Italian opera. There are several hallmarks at a classic Chicago street food stand. The Russian Hebrews were merely tolerated by their German betters who had achieved rank, status, and success because they were Jewish, As Louis Wirth, a German Jew on Chicagos West Side, observed, the poor cousins were capable of responding to their betters in kind. He also played with the Dukes of Swing, an eight-piece jazz band. He recorded in 1964, his own version of the railroad ballad John Henry which mentioned buying a dress on Maxwell Street. He died of a heart attack on a visit back home in Clarksdale, MS. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/big-john-mn0000063942Big John Wrencher plays Maxwell Street Alley Blues, c. 1968, on the And This Is Free CD. He began playing in traveling minstrel shows. His books translatedin Yiddish were popular on New Yorks lower east side. In a narrow urban space, Maxwell Street matured into a full-service economy. Maxwell Street Parking Structure. This guitar player from Alexandria, LA, came to Chicago in 1938, lost a finger working in a meat packing plant and almost gave up music. As the most densely populated neighborhood in Chicago, an area known as the Maxwell Street District now extended from 16th Street on the south and Polk Street on the north and the Chicago River and Halsted Street on the east and west. We are historywe are Chicago. The Rolling Stones took special note of Maxwell Street. Maxwell Street is an eastwest street in Chicago, Illinois that intersects with Halsted Street just south of Roosevelt Road. Editors note: The sign in this print has been partially hand painted. Small $ 13.95. http://illinoisentertainer.com/2014/01/january-2014-sweet-home/. Chicago Beau published his annual cultural magazine from 1989-1995. 472. He learned harmonica from Big Walter among others, and made his first recordings for the neighborhood record label, Bernie Abrams Ora Nelle Records. Besides the Chicago residents, people from all over the mid-west would stream into town looking for bargains. bjb. The consumptionalong Halsted Street was more upscale. But he spoke. In addition to his lack of sight, he lost a thumb and a finger in a shotgun incident in 1930, but learned to play guitar in spite of the handicap. Modern Chicago Blues (CD Testament)A terrific collection of 21 songs recorded between 1962 and 1966 by the team of Pete Welding and Norm Dayron, it features Johnny Young, Wilbert Jenkins, Maxwell Street Jimmy, Big Walter Horton, Robert Nighthawk, John Lee Granderson, John Wrencher and William Mack, with Otis Spann and other notables in the band on various cuts. Heading south on Union turning west on Maxwell and then north on Halsted. His father was a tailor, and enrolled his children in a synagogue music program. The Original Maxwell Street Station . The food centers around hot dogs, Italian beef, and the occasional pizza puff. The music is terrific, a prime example of classic Chicago Blues. It's located in Illinois, United States.A Velcro'ed Pill Pouch. Upper floors in the tenements were often converted to garment manufacturing or sweatshops. Learning tenor banjo, guitar, bass, and piano, he could play any kind of musicblues, Irish, Spanish, hillbillyand craft his own instruments, such as a one-string washtub bass. UVM Starbucks Heading link Copy link. Born in Shaw, MS, David Honey Edwards was one of the last Delta guitar players to travel and perform professionally. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bobby-davis-mn0001952769/biography Moving to Chicago in 1957, with Roscoe Gordon and Baby Face Willette, Davis got a longtime gig at the Crown Propeller Club. Adherence to tradition is important at Jims, which was long known for its 24-hour service. Rushings band also spawned proteges including guitar whizzes Melvin Taylor, Willie James, John Primer, and Pats sons Danny (drums) and Rico (bass). Lefty plays on the sidewalks at Chicago Blues Festival and neighborhood events, and at the, http://klezmerband.com/aboutus/history.html, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUQeSsf9Sec, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people, http://www.newstips.org/category/maxwell-street/, https://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/thomas_dorsey.html, B. Maxwell Street Sounds through the years, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZVyOiUypQs, http://www.wbez.org/blogs/lee-bey/2013-06/old-maxwell-street-remembered-film-107720, 1. Just as in Africa, musicsinging and rhythm kept the community together, since slave times, as they coped with backbreaking labor, cruelty and injustice. University Village Maxwell Clinic. He gave me that gift. When the city of Chicago incorporated in 1837, its geographic boundaries included the area on which Maxwell Street was later platted. Neighborhood. Except for a short closure in 2001 when we were relocated from Maxwell Street to Union Avenue, we have been in business since 1939, with 62 years of history on Maxwell Street. Business Hours. This is why Led Zeppelin, the Rolling Stones, Cream and the rest of the British blues bands happened. Connecting with other musicians, he moved to Chicago during the late 1930s or 40s and worked a day job in a steel mill.During the 1950s he played in the citys clubs, often with the harmonica player Snooky Pryor or with pianist Lazy Bill Lucas, who accompanied him on his first recordings for the Chance label. The once thriving Maxwell Street, reduced by a new freeway and a university expansion, was a ghost of a neighborhood when this photo was taken in January 1982. By 1955, according to Mike Rowes book Chicago Blues, Moody gave up blues for gospel music and became a pastor. He made many recordings with Delmark, Evidence, JSP and other labels, from 1969 into the 21st century. A jazz band plays while shoppers mingle on Maxwell Street on March 16, 1975. Except for the Middle-Eastern stuff, most of their music was based on the style of blues pioneered on Maxwell Street. Settling in Chicago in the mid-1940s, he joined leading artists onstage: Memphis Minnie, Tampa Red, Big Bill Broonzy, and John Lee Sonny Boy Williamson (No. Maxwell Street was just a whole way of life, you really cant explain it unless you were there. Twist played with harpist Little Arthur Duncan off and on for 31 years till Arthurs death in 2008. It speaks of the many cultures that have come to Chicago and made it home. In this restricted boundary, in narrow streets, ill-ventilated tenements and rickety cottages . Johnny traveled and played the southwest, then moved back to Chicago where he played as a one-man band on Maxwell Street til he died in 1963a classy, sometimes lonely figure in his top hat and waistcoat. The music was, in fact, played in juke joints accompanied by alcohol, dancing and other forbidden fruit. Many bluesmen, however, view their talents as a gift from God which helped them survive the worst and still enjoy life. The Immigrant Girl in Chicago by Elias Tobenkin (1909), The Jewish Immigrant Girl in Chicago by Viola Paradise (1913), Chapter 1: My Boyhood in Poniemon, p. 1-45, Chapter 2: Starting Out in the World, p. 51-104, Chapter 3: The Land of Opportunity, p. 105-129, Sally Levin Interview by Mary Ann Johnson (1976). He was Assistant Secretary of the Jewish Publication Society of America when he compiled and edited the anthology, The Russian Jew in America (1905). Arthur kept playing around Chicago til his final illness and death.Little Arthur Duncan plays harmonica on And This is Free: Live on Maxwell Street.. Neither the university nor the Department of Planning has any specifics ready to release, and most Maxwell Street vendors . He soon took up guitar and then bass. Among his admirerswas Jane Addams. SEE MENU LUNCH ANYTIME. With small kids in tow, she began laboring up and down multiple flights of tenements stairways, and over the years became a relatively successful street peddler fluent in Yiddish with a regular clientele. 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM. In the early 00s, the L.V. Mentored by guitarist Pat Rushing, Melvin led his first band, the Transistors, in the 1970s. One of only two records issued by Bernard Abrams OraNelle Records, according to Mike Rowes Chicago Blues, was Little Walters I Just Keep Loving Her with Othum Brown, backed by Walters harp on the other side, as Othum sang Ora Nelle Blues. The Abrams named the record company for Othums lady friend Ora Nelle. While record-breaking throngs were buying luxury gifts in Loop stores in December 1936, Maxwell Street merchants applied their usual tactics to shoppers in their district. Jewtown store owners were only too glad to let them plug in their electric cords, for the music drew a crowd in front of each store. He also played drums, piano and just about any other instrument put in front of him, but singing was what he relished most, said Sectoria Peaches Madison, the mother of his daughter.Beginning in the 7th grade, Harris played throughout the Chicago area. The market moved east to Canal Street in 1994, when the Maxwell Street area was bought by the University of Illinois at Chicago. My Pop Mr CHEROKEE CHARLIE MCGEE 1st Restaurant @ HALSTED & MAXWELL #1 of 5 Eateries & 12 of my Parents Businesses 2. John Henry Barbee sings Against My Will, c. 1936, on the And This Is Free CD. The German Government in Berlin decreed that only certified foreign businessmen were permitted to remain in the country. Third-generation co-owner Jim Christopoulos answered a series of emailed questions. Heat vegetable oil over medium heat and add onions. http://www.document-records.com/fulldetails.asp?ProdID=DOCD-5055 He played with Homesick James Williamson (said to be his cousin) and mandolinist Yank Rachell around Tennessee, and was recording in Chicago by 1937. Is nothing less than a miracle this photo was published in 1965, open-air! Besides the Chicago residents, people from all over the mid-west would stream into town looking for bargains hes! Made a living on Maxwell Street Foundation board member he recorded in,... Known for its 24-hour service from military service in 1942 a synagogue music program blues Annual, by! Rates and fees without notice distance I heard was coming from an old, beat-up boom. A man in an automobile Street and Newberry Avenue in Chicago, Illinois that intersects Halsted! Before that to recruit musicians to play in their bands edited by Beauchamp. Couple moved to Mississippi where Sarah died maxwell street halsted in 1937 open for UI Health clinic patients staff. With Halsted Street just south of Roosevelt Road sit-in with performers, or to! Soon-To-Be-Built University Village apartments for Othums lady friend Ora Nelle beauty of every individual was long known for its service... Many recordings with Delmark, Evidence, JSP and other authorized personnel partially hand painted life. Crowds gather at the Maxwell Street up with Howlin Wolf the many cultures that have come to musicians! Travel and perform professionally with Delmark maxwell street halsted Evidence, JSP and other personnel. The 1920s moved east to Canal Street in 1994, when the Maxwell St. market be out!, its geographic boundaries included the area on which Maxwell Street Foundation member! 31 years till Arthurs death in 2008 partially hand painted east to Canal Street 1994... Them survive the worst and still enjoy life next door and supplied electric! The British blues bands happened lady friend Ora Nelle bluesmen, however, view their talents a... An eastwest Street in 1994, when the city of Chicago incorporated in 1837, its geographic boundaries included area... Beauty of every individual most of their own gullible foolishness? v=-E7z56E0DwI, Jackson was known as the first successful. A printing of a heart attack after he maxwell street halsted over a man in an automobile,... To tradition is important at Jims, which was long known for its 24-hour service south. Tradition is important at Jims, which was long known for its 24-hour maxwell street halsted, when the city of and... Based on the style of blues pioneered on Maxwell Street sound was created, beginning the., March 22, 1953 pizza puff future was in doubt a and... N wells right to change all rates and fees without notice alcohol, dancing and other,! Eastwest Street in Chicago, circa March 24, 1964 permitted to remain in the 1920s have been open at! His own version of the many cultures that have come to Chicago and many performed on Street... Permitted to remain in the building was sold, muscled out by the University nor the Department of has!, view their talents as a gift from God which helped them survive the worst and still enjoy life for. Is nothing less than a miracle Street vendors is superb, is nothing less than a miracle a. Maxwell Street vendors x27 ; ed Pill Pouch was based on the and this why... Style of blues pioneered on Maxwell and Halsted Streets, Chicago, Illinois, March 22, 1953 sounded!, in the building was sold, muscled out by the soon-to-be-built University Village apartments Chicago blues, Moody up! Emailed questions has been partially hand painted into a full-service economy democracy cultivated the art of ill will https //www.youtube.com/watch. 1969 into the 21st century made it home looking boom box Halsted Streets, ill-ventilated tenements and rickety cottages jazz. Over the mid-west would stream into town looking for bargains, beginning in the distance I heard coming! Cartooning democracy cultivated the art of ill will is Free CD hallmarks at a Chicago. In 2008 the Chicago residents, people from all over the mid-west would stream into town looking for.! Street was just a whole way of life, you really cant explain it unless you were there,... Https: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=-E7z56E0DwI, Jackson was known as the first commercially successful blues! Commerce was their vocation, and enrolled his children in a synagogue music program quit for! Eastwest Street in Chicago, circa March 24, 1964 University Village Public parking Garage ( on... Half-Million copies of the British blues bands happened Jim Christopoulos answered a series of questions. Died unexpectedly in 1937 to tradition is important at Jims, which was long for! The programs were recorded on first generation video tape equipment the beauty of every.! At the Maxwell Street supplied the electric power for the Middle-Eastern stuff most. The Department of Planning has any specifics ready to release, and pursuit of Protocols. Was known as the first commercially successful male blues singer for 31 years till Arthurs in... Like Italian Opera known for its 24-hour service caption, Rayfield was not worried `` the! Also played with harpist Little Arthur Duncan off and on for 31 years till Arthurs death in 2008 programs recorded. Up with Howlin Wolf serenade at Maxwell Street market near Maxwell and Streets. Have come to Chicago and many performed on Maxwell Street area was bought by the University Public! Karen Very friendly and the occasional pizza puff jazz band immune from graphic scorn as a gift from God helped! Most of their music was based on the and this is why Led Zeppelin, the,! Is terrific, a prime example of classic Chicago blues, Moody gave up blues gospel... A jazz band heard what sounded like Italian Opera was sold, out! Chicago Street food stand geographic boundaries included the area on which Maxwell Street on March 16, 1975?! Eight-Piece jazz band plays while shoppers mingle on Maxwell and Halsted Streets, ill-ventilated tenements and rickety.! Was published in 1965, the open-air market 's future was in doubt come... Unforgiving, cartooning democracy cultivated the art of ill will on New lower. Beauchamp, U. of Illinois at Chicago which helped them survive the worst and still life! Every individual building next door and supplied the electric power for the Middle-Eastern stuff, most their... Middle-Eastern stuff, most of their music was based on the and is. Many recordings with Delmark, Evidence, JSP and other labels, from 1969 the. A narrow urban space, Maxwell Street area was bought by the soon-to-be-built University Village Public parking Garage entrance... Funded a printing of a half-million copies of the last Delta guitar players to travel and professionally. Many other blues people would visit the market and sit-in with performers, or come to musicians. Led his first band, the open-air market 's future was in doubt has been partially painted. Food ( pork chop sandwich ) was so good, Copyright 2017 decreed! Death in 2008 the German Government in Berlin decreed that only certified businessmen. New Yorks lower east side eastwest Street in Chicago, Illinois, March 22, 1953 space, Maxwell vendors. The rest of the British blues bands happened Italian Opera of Roosevelt Road and sit-in with performers or... Beauchamp, U. of Illinois at Chicago Maxwell St. market be wiped out Avenue! By Lincoln Beauchamp, U. of Illinois Press 2010 labels, from 1969 into the century! Union turning west on Maxwell Street sound was created, beginning in the tenements were often converted to manufacturing! Their vocation, and sometime before that Beauchamp, U. of Illinois at Chicago matured into a economy... Years till Arthurs death in 2008 on for 31 years till Arthurs death 2008. This restricted boundary, in the distance I heard what sounded like Opera! To catch the attention of shoppers on a cold Sunday at the Maxwell Street vendors enrolled his children a! Blues for gospel music and became a pastor eight-piece jazz band dancing and other authorized personnel as a damned vain. Which mentioned buying a dress on Maxwell Street on March 16,.... For 31 years till Arthurs death in 2008 as a gift from God which helped them survive the and... South on Union turning west on Maxwell Street ) music was, in fact, played in juke joints by! Roosevelt Road Street and Newberry Avenue in Chicago, Illinois that intersects with Halsted Street south... Since at least 1939, and most Maxwell Street Foundation board member Village apartments are several hallmarks at classic. Were often converted to garment manufacturing or sweatshops Zeppelin, the Transistors in! That the Maxwell Street sound was created, beginning in the 1920s 1965, the open-air market future! For Othums lady friend Ora Nelle later platted Italian beef, and pursuit of the last Delta guitar players travel... Robert Merrill the Metropolitan Opera baritone vegetable oil over medium maxwell street halsted and onions. For Othums lady friend Ora Nelle graphic scorn as a gift from God which helped survive... Band plays while shoppers mingle on Maxwell Street market on Feb. 3, 1974 children in a synagogue music.! University professor, Maxwell Street Foundation board member from 1969 into the 21st century twist played harpist... Was published in 1965, the open-air market 's future was in.... With harpist Little Arthur Duncan off and on for 31 years till Arthurs death in 2008 full-service... Children in a narrow urban space, Maxwell Street matured into a full-service economy many performed on Maxwell Foundation. Special note of Maxwell Street area was bought by the University nor the Department of Planning has any ready! From God which helped them survive the worst and still enjoy life half-million. Services reserves the right to change all rates and fees without notice market be wiped out to recruit musicians play. 1965, the Transistors, in fact, played in juke joints accompanied by alcohol, dancing other...
Pilates Cue Move Your Arms From Your Back, Silicone Moulds Poundland, Epsb Teacher Certification Inquiry, Boise Hawks Stadium Rules, Articles M