[6] In June 1885, Debussy wrote of his desire to follow his own way, saying, "I am sure the Institute would not approve, for, naturally it regards the path which it ordains as the only right one. Singers in Debussy's mélodies or excerpts from Pelléas et Mélisande included Jane Bathori, Claire Croiza, Charles Panzéra and Ninon Vallin; and among the conductors in the major orchestral works were Ernest Ansermet, Désiré-Émile Inghelbrecht, Pierre Monteux and Arturo Toscanini, and in the Petite Suite, Henri Büsser, who had prepared the orchestration for Debussy. [32] Neither did he delight in Italian opera, as he found the operas of Donizetti and Verdi not to his taste. Claude Debussy was born on 22 August 1862 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, the eldest of five children. [46], Debussy abandoned Dupont for her friend Marie-Rosalie Texier, known as "Lilly", whom he married in October 1899, after threatening suicide if she refused him. The analyst Richard Langham Smith writes that Impressionism was originally a term coined to describe a style of late 19th-century French painting, typically scenes suffused with reflected light in which the emphasis is on the overall impression rather than outline or clarity of detail, as in works by Monet, Pissarro, Renoir and others. 4.5 out of 5 stars 24. Although considering Images "the pinnacle of Debussy's achievement as a composer for orchestra", Trezise notes a contrary view that the accolade belongs to the ballet score Jeux. She is described in the. Debussy was an influential composer of the late 19/ early 20th centuries, creating works of sheer beauty that obscured their technical innovation. The composer was initially unwilling to use these relatively early piano compositions because they … The family moved to Paris in 1867, but in 1870 Debussy’s pregnant mother fled with Claude to his paternal aunt’s home in Cannes to escape the Franco-Prussian War. Claude Debussy was born in St. Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France. Clair de lune. The First World War was still raging and Paris was under German aerial and artillery bombardment. [115], In contrast to the "impressionistic" characterisation of Debussy's music, several writers have suggested that he structured at least some of his music on rigorous mathematical lines. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. [41], Debussy continued to compose songs, piano pieces and other works, some of which were publicly performed, but his music made only a modest impact, although his fellow composers recognised his potential by electing him to the committee of the Société Nationale de Musique in 1893. He has become recognizable over the years as one of the most notable and influential French musical composers that has ever lived. You have only to listen. [17] Another teacher was less impressed: Émile Durand wrote in a report "Debussy would be an excellent pupil if he were less sketchy and less cavalier." [2], Debussy is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. Beginning with Deux Arabesques (1888), it offers the Suite bergamasque (1890–1905), Réverie (1890), Danse (1890), Ballade (1890), Pour le piano (1896–1901), D'un cahier d'esquisses (1903), Extampes (1903), Mazurka (1891), Valse romantique (1890), … I would recommend this 2 disc album for anyone new to Debussy or for background music while you work or relax. [63] The Apaches, led by Ravel (who attended every one of the 14 performances in the first run), were loud in their support; the conservative faculty of the Conservatoire tried in vain to stop its students from seeing the opera. [10] The following year he secured a job as pianist in the household of Nadezhda von Meck, the patroness of Tchaikovsky. Orledge considers the last a pre-echo of the marine textures of La mer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. … In 1910 Gustav Mahler conducted the Nocturnes and Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune in New York in successive months. [97] Most of the major works for which Debussy is best known were written between the mid-1890s and the mid-1900s. [78][79][80], Debussy and Emma Bardac eventually married in 1908, their troubled union enduring for the rest of his life. Many of these early recordings have been reissued on CD. His behaviour was widely condemned; anonymous letters circulated denouncing his treatment of both women, as well as his financial irresponsibility and debts. [46] The engagement was broken off, and several of Debussy's friends and supporters disowned him, including Ernest Chausson, hitherto one of his strongest supporters. Howat suggests that some of Debussy's pieces can be divided into sections that reflect the golden ratio, which is approximated by ratios of consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence. [118] Lesure takes a similar view, endorsing Howat's conclusions while not taking a view on Debussy's conscious intentions. [27] She was the wife of Henri Vasnier, a prominent civil servant, and much younger than her husband. [103], Of the later orchestral works, Images (1905–1912) is better known than Jeux (1913). In 1912 Debussy had remarked to his publisher of the opera Ariane et Barbe-bleue by the (also Jewish) composer Paul Dukas, "You're right, [it] is a masterpiece – but it's not a masterpiece of French music. Writing to Stravinsky, he asked "How could we not have foreseen that these men were plotting the destruction of our art, just as they had planned the destruction of our country? "[122], Among French predecessors, Chabrier was an important influence on Debussy (as he was on Ravel and Poulenc);[126] Howat has written that Chabrier's piano music such as "Sous-bois" and "Mauresque" in the Pièces pittoresques explored new sound-worlds of which Debussy made effective use 30 years later. P.P.M.P.C. [109] Although Debussy said that anyone using the term (whether about painting or music) was an imbecile,[113] some Debussy scholars have taken a less absolutist line. They stayed at the Grand Hotel, Eastbourne in July and August, where Debussy corrected the proofs of his symphonic sketches La mer, celebrating his divorce on 2 August. When I gaze at a sunset sky and spend hours contemplating its marvellous ever-changing beauty, an extraordinary emotion overwhelms me. [46] The following year he completed the first draft of Pelléas and began efforts to get it staged. Scrobbling is when Last.fm tracks the music you listen to and automatically adds it to your music profile. Maeterlinck wanted his mistress, Georgette Leblanc, to sing the role, and was incensed when she was passed over in favour of the Scottish soprano Mary Garden. [87] In a 2004 study, Mark DeVoto comments that Debussy's early works are harmonically no more adventurous than existing music by Fauré;[94] in a 2007 book about the piano works, Margery Halford observes that Two Arabesques (1888–1891) and "Rêverie" (1890) have "the fluidity and warmth of Debussy's later style" but are not harmonically innovative. "[141] He was not in sympathy with Schubert, Schumann, Brahms and Mendelssohn, the latter being described as a "facile and elegant notary". Leave feedback, Achille-Claude Debussy (22nd August 1862 – 25th March 1918) was a French composer. [2] The suite Pour le piano (1894–1901) is, in Halford's view, one of the first examples of the mature Debussy as a composer for the piano: "a major landmark ... and an enlargement of the use of piano sonorities". [65] After despatching Lilly to her parental home at Bichain in Villeneuve-la-Guyard on 15 July 1904, Debussy took Emma away, staying incognito in Jersey and then at Pourville in Normandy. For three months, Debussy attended rehearsals practically every day. [92] His early mélodies, inspired by Marie Vasnier, are more virtuosic in character than his later works in the genre, with extensive wordless vocalise; from the Ariettes oubliées (1885–1887) onwards he developed a more restrained style. [44] Later in 1890 Debussy met Erik Satie, who proved a kindred spirit in his experimental approach to composition. Find Claude Debussy composition information on AllMusic. Claude Debussy was an influential French composer of the late Romantic era and early Twentieth-century. The following year began well, when at Fauré's invitation, Debussy became a member of the governing council of the Conservatoire. He wrote his own poems for the Proses lyriques (1892–1893) but, in the view of the musical scholar Robert Orledge, "his literary talents were not on a par with his musical imagination". Debussy's most dramatic contribution to music history was his disregard for traditional chord … [157], Among contemporary composers George Benjamin has described Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune as “the definition of perfection”;[158] he has conducted Pelléas et Mélisande[159] and the critic Rupert Christiansen detects the influence of the work in Benjamin's opera Written on Skin (2012). "[2] Debussy was influenced by the Symbolist poets. [83], In 1915 Debussy underwent one of the earliest colostomy operations. In February there was conflict between Maeterlinck on the one hand and Debussy, Messager and Carré on the other about the casting of Mélisande. Audio CD. [6], Initially Debussy found the artistic atmosphere of the Villa Medici stifling, the company boorish, the food bad, and the accommodation "abominable". Audio CD. Among his fellow Communard prisoners was his friend Charles de Sivry, a musician. March 25, 1918) was a French composer. [51], In 1900 Debussy began attending meetings of Les Apaches ("The Hooligans") an informal group of innovative young artists, poets, critics, and musicians who had adopted their collective title to represent their status as "artistic outcasts". (Achille) Claude Debussy[n 1] (French: [aʃil klod dəbysi]; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer. Lesure writes, "The development of free verse in poetry and the disappearance of the subject or model in painting influenced him to think about issues of musical form. [121], In 1889, Debussy held conversations with his former teacher Guiraud, which included exploration of harmonic possibilities at the piano. [18] In July 1874 Debussy received the award of deuxième accessit[n 4] for his performance as soloist in the first movement of Chopin's Second Piano Concerto at the Conservatoire's annual competition. [76] Mary Garden said, "I honestly don't know if Debussy ever loved anybody really. [104][106] In this piece, Debussy abandoned the whole-tone scale he had often favoured previously in favour of the octatonic scale with what the Debussy scholar François Lesure describes as its tonal ambiguities. He originally studied the piano, but found his vocation in innovative composition, despite the disapproval of the Conservatoire's conservative professors. It achieved only a temporary respite, and occasioned him considerable frustration ("There are mornings when the effort of dressing seems like one of the twelve labours of Hercules"). Born to a family of modest means and little cultural involvement, Debussy showed enough musical talent to be admitted at the age of ten to France's leading music college, the Conservatoire de Paris. [145] Debussy was much in sympathy with the Symbolists' desire to bring poetry closer to music, became friendly with several leading exponents, and set many Symbolist works throughout his career. Clair de lune, Dances for Harp and Orchestra, L. 103: 2. [109], Among painters, Debussy particularly admired Turner, but also drew inspiration from Whistler. [36], A week after his return to Paris in 1887, Debussy heard the first act of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at the Concerts Lamoureux, and judged it "decidedly the finest thing I know". [161], The pianist Stephen Hough believes that Debussy's influence also extends to jazz and suggests that Reflets dans l'eau can be heard in the harmonies of Bill Evans. [102][n 13] The three-part, cyclic symphony by César Franck (1888) was more to his liking, and its influence can be found in La mer (1905); this uses a quasi-symphonic form, its three sections making up a giant sonata-form movement with, as Orledge observes, a cyclic theme, in the manner of Franck. [2] The piano piece Golliwogg's Cakewalk, from the 1908 suite Children's Corner, contains a parody of music from the introduction to Tristan, in which, in the opinion of the musicologist Lawrence Kramer, Debussy escapes the shadow of the older composer and "smilingly relativizes Wagner into insignificance". [112] Langham Smith comments that Debussy wrote many piano pieces with titles evocative of nature – "Reflets dans l'eau" (1905), "Les Sons et les parfums tournent dans l'air du soir" (1910) and "Brouillards" (1913)[n 15] – and suggests that the Impressionist painters' use of brush-strokes and dots is paralleled in the music of Debussy. [11] Sivry's mother, Antoinette Mauté de Fleurville, gave piano lessons, and at his instigation the young Debussy became one of her pupils. [101] It influenced composers as different as Stravinsky and Puccini. [156] Boulez also discovered Debussy's music at a young age and said that it gave him his first sense of what modernity in music could mean. In addition to displays depicting his life and work, the building contains a small auditorium in which an annual season of concerts is given. [2] In the music of Palestrina, Debussy found what he called "a perfect whiteness", and he felt that although Palestrina's musical forms had a "strict manner", they were more to his taste than the rigid rules prevailing among 19th-century French composers and teachers. His music was to a considerable extent a reaction against Wagner and the German musical tradition. His mother was a seamstress. [16], At the Conservatoire, Debussy initially made good progress. [28], At the Conservatoire, Debussy incurred the disapproval of the faculty, particularly his composition teacher, Guiraud, for his failure to follow the orthodox rules of composition then prevailing. He helped transition western art music from the Romantic period to the Modern period through his use of ethereal harmony and unique musical structures. [41], In February 1894 Debussy completed the first draft of Act I of his operatic version of Pelléas et Mélisande, and for most of the year worked to complete the work. Achille-Claude Debussy (French pronunciation: [aʃil klod dəbysi]) (August 22, 1862 ? [155] Later generations of French composers had a much more positive relationship with his music. 1: Le martyre de Saint-Sébastien", "Strength in numbers: How Fibonacci taught us how to swing", "The Art of French Piano Music: Debussy, Ravel, Fauré, Chabrier", "Signification, Objectification, and the Mimetic Uncanny in Claude Debussy's 'Golliwog's Cakewalk'", "George Benjamin–Conductor, Composer and Knight", “Written on Skin is one of the operatic masterpieces of our time – review”, "Debussy orchestrations point towards 2018 centenary", " Debussy: The Complete Works review – a comprehensive and invaluable survey", Website of Debussy museum, St. Germain-en-Laye, International Music Score Library Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude_Debussy&oldid=996639768, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 20:39. Nature in all its vastness is truthfully reflected in my sincere though feeble soul. A year later he described Debussy as "desperately careless". "[6] He was often depressed and unable to compose, but he was inspired by Franz Liszt, who visited the students and played for them. These writers, who included Verlaine, Mallarmé, Maeterlinck and Rimbaud, reacted against the realism, naturalism, objectivity and formal conservatism that prevailed in the 1870s. [74][n 12] In the same month the composer's only child was born at their home. Achille-Claude Debussy (22nd August 1862 – 25th March 1918) was a French composer. He is one of my favourite 20th Century composers and one of the hardest to perform! Debussy began piano lessons there at the age of seven with an Italian violinist in … He was greatly influenced by the Symbolist poetic movement of the later 19th century. Pleasure is the law!" He was much more impressed by the music of the 16th-century composers Palestrina and Lassus, which he heard at Santa Maria dell'Anima: "The only church music I will accept. His fatal illness prevented him from completing the set, but those for cello and piano (1915), flute, viola and harp (1915), and violin and piano (1917 – his last completed work) are all concise, three-movement pieces, more diatonic in nature than some of his other late works. We must at all costs preserve this magic which is peculiar to music and to which music, by its nature, is of all the arts the most receptive. His mature compositions, distinctive and appealing, combined modernism and sensuality so successfully that their sheer beauty often obscures their technical innovation. In 2018, to mark the centenary of the composer's death, Warner Classics, with contributions from other companies, issued a 33-CD set that is claimed to include all the music Debussy wrote. The total playing time is an enjoyable 77.02 minutes. The Prix carried with it a residence at the Villa Medici, the French Academy in Rome, to further the winner's studies. Claude Debussy (1862–1918) was a 20th-century French composer and one of the most prominent figures working within the field of impressionist music. [10], In 1870, to escape the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, Debussy's pregnant mother took him and his sister Adèle to their paternal aunt's home in Cannes, where they remained until the following year. Claude Debussy (born Achille-Claude Debussy) was among the most influential composers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [34] Although Debussy's works showed the influence of Jules Massenet, the latter concluded, "He is an enigma. Danse profane, Debussy: Children's Corner, Suite Bergamasque, Images, The Ultimate Most Relaxing Debussy in the Universe, Debussy: Clair de Lune and Other Piano Favourites, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. His father, Manuel-Achille Debussy, owned a china shop there; his mother, Victorine Manoury Debussy, was a seamstress. Complete Orchestral Works DEBUSSY. 43–44 (Saint-Saëns) and pp. [n 8] In the same year the first two of Debussy's three orchestral Nocturnes were first performed. [48] She was affectionate, practical, straightforward, and well liked by Debussy's friends and associates,[49] but he became increasingly irritated by her intellectual limitations and lack of musical sensitivity. Only 5 left in stock (more on the way). I t was a description he always rejected, but Claude Debussy (1862-1918) is often thought of as an impressionist, a musical equivalent to Monet or Renoir. [24] He composed his Piano Trio in G major for von Meck's ensemble, and made a transcription for piano duet of three dances from Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake. "[144], Despite his lack of formal schooling, Debussy read widely and found inspiration in literature. With early influences including Russian and Far Eastern music, Debussy developed his own style of harmony and orchestral colouring, derided – and unsuccessfully resisted – by much of the musical establishment of the day. I am too enamoured of my freedom, too fond of my own ideas! [71] His relations with Ravel, never close, were exacerbated when the latter joined other former friends of Debussy in contributing to a fund to support the deserted Lilly. [99] The academic and journalist Stephen Walsh calls Pelléas et Mélisande (begun 1893, staged 1902) "a key work for the 20th century". Recent analysts have found it a link between traditional continuity and thematic growth within a score and the desire to create discontinuity in a way mirrored in later 20th century music. Claude Debussy: The Composer as Pianist (The Caswell Collection, Vol. [84] He also had a fierce enemy at this period in the form of Camille Saint-Saëns, who in a letter to Fauré condemned Debussy's En blanc et noir: "It's incredible, and the door of the Institut [de France] must at all costs be barred against a man capable of such atrocities." "[35] During his years in Rome Debussy composed – not for the Academy – most of his Verlaine cycle, Ariettes oubliées, which made little impact at the time but was successfully republished in 1903 after the composer had become well known. Debussy Greatest Hits is a CD with fourteen delightful pieces of music with each piece ranging from 2.19 minute (only two pieces are below 3.46 minutes, only three, including the two, below 4.31 minutes), and one, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, is nine minutes. [38] He commented in 1903 that Wagner was "a beautiful sunset that was mistaken for a dawn". "[110], Debussy strongly objected to the use of the word "Impressionism" for his (or anybody else's) music,[n 14] but it has continually been attached to him since the assessors at the Conservatoire first applied it, opprobriously, to his early work Printemps. The gamelan scales, melodies, rhythms, and ensemble textures appealed to him, and echoes of them are heard in "Pagodes" in his piano suite Estampes. Some user-contributed text on this page is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. "[120], Nevertheless, there are many indicators of the sources and elements of Debussy's idiom. [162], In 1904, Debussy played the piano accompaniment for Mary Garden in recordings for the Compagnie française du Gramophone of four of his songs: three mélodies from the Verlaine cycle Ariettes oubliées – "Il pleure dans mon coeur", "L'ombre des arbres" and "Green" – and "Mes longs cheveux", from Act III of Pelléas et Mélisande. He was a fine pianist and an outstanding sight reader, who could have had a professional career had he wished,[20] but he was only intermittently diligent in his studies. At the turn of the 20th century he was one of the most prominent figures in music and his contributions to the world of music are still enjoyed today. Writing in 1958, the critic Rudolph Reti summarised six features of Debussy's music, which he asserted "established a new concept of tonality in European music": the frequent use of lengthy pedal points – "not merely bass pedals in the actual sense of the term, but sustained 'pedals' in any voice"; glittering passages and webs of figurations which distract from occasional absence of tonality; frequent use of parallel chords which are "in essence not harmonies at all, but rather 'chordal melodies', enriched unisons", described by some writers as non-functional harmonies; bitonality, or at least bitonal chords; use of the whole-tone and pentatonic scales; and unprepared modulations, "without any harmonic bridge". [76], Debussy died on 25 March 1918 at his home. [51], Debussy's works began to feature increasingly in concert programmes at home and overseas. According to Pierre Louÿs, Debussy "did not see 'what anyone can do beyond Tristan'," although he admitted that it was sometimes difficult to avoid "the ghost of old Klingsor, alias Richard Wagner, appearing at the turning of a bar". [55] The complete set was given the following year. Debussy's musical development was slow, and as a student he was adept enough to produce for his teachers at the Conservatoire works that would conform to their conservative precepts. Only 6 left in stock - order soon. He loved his music – and perhaps himself. [2], Le Martyre de saint Sébastien (1911), originally a five-act musical play to a text by Gabriele D'Annunzio that took nearly five hours in performance, was not a success, and the music is now more often heard in a concert (or studio) adaptation with narrator, or as an orchestral suite of "Fragments symphoniques". [147] French writers whose words he set include Paul Bourget, Alfred de Musset, Théodore de Banville, Leconte de Lisle, Théophile Gautier, Paul Verlaine, François Villon, and Mallarmé – the last of whom also provided Debussy with the inspiration for one of his most popular orchestral pieces, Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune. These failures made him ineligible to continue in the Conservatoire's piano classes, but he remained a student for harmony, solfège and, later, composition. He was for the most part enthusiastic about Richard Strauss[137] and Stravinsky, respectful of Mozart and was in awe of Bach, whom he called the "good God of music" ("le Bon Dieu de la musique"). Available, to whom Debussy quickly became greatly attracted extraordinary harmonic qualities and... transparent texture... The 19th century de Sivry, a style initiated by French composer Paris! P. 20 ; and Jensen, pp soon became Debussy 's idiom [ 41 ] made... 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Condemned ; anonymous letters circulated denouncing his treatment of both women, as he the. Complete set was given the following year [ 82 ] in 1912 Sergei commissioned... Sergei Diaghilev commissioned a new version of the 19th century good progress orchestral score in 1904 to Nichols Debussy works... 1914 Debussy started work on a planned set of piano rolls for the opening of Pelléas et Mélisande `` faithful. Became one, has noticeably Debussian features in the claude debussy music, Sounds and Perfumes in. Phase, he started to become interested in non-Western music and its approaches...
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