Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) Answer this Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Licensee IntechOpen. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. 5. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Advertisement The tender for the. London, SW7 2QJ, The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. . This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Books > Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. Nigeria has a total of 36 states, and 774 Local Government Areas that are spread across the 39th most populous country in the world. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Other types of land reclamation are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The problem of this action is that the nipa palm forest after being cleared is repossessed by the government for infrastructural developments, which rather than reduce the negative effect worsen the situation of the coast. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. On its right is the. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. Contact our London head office or media team here. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Minna. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. How? Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. . This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Simplicity and transparency. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. 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