The Founder of Legalism Legalism was based on the teachings of Hanfeitzu. (Today Lu is called Shandong Province.) Both of these religions share a similar goal, a goal of departing from being an individual and moving towards becoming a part of a greater whole; a greater contributor to society itself. The Han emperor rejected the philosophy of legalism in favor of Confucianism. Direct link to Asad kanada's post it was very famous in chi, Posted 4 years ago. Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, as feudal lords fought over land, there was a scholar and government minister by the name of. Also poetry was well paid attention to due to Chinese melodic speech. Legalism believed in punishments to maintain social orders and the free thinkers with their ideas shouldnt be spread and should be under the governments control. With heavy hearts, we announce the death of David C. Mullen of Duncannon, Pennsylvania, who passed away on December 22, 2020 at the age of 70. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Confucianism and Legalism are similar in that both originated during the Chinese Classical Period; however, they are different in government because Confucianism focuses on having an orderly, respectful, and successful ruler, while Legalism focuses on having an forceful and omnipotent ruler., The Daoist thought developed in response to the turbulence of the late Zhou dynasty and the Period of the Warring States, just like Confucianism. Daoism on the other hand gained many higher up people because of its elaborate spirituality and its traditional Chinese beliefs in natures harmony. China was divided up into regional administrative zones, all under the watchful eyes of Qin Empire officials. 0000000016 00000 n
Confucius was the scholar and philosopher who founded Confucianism. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match If there is dissent and it is not dealt with using corrective measures, then the government, and thereby society, will fall apart. Now, lets fast forward to King Zhengs time. When the father dies, observe the sons conduct. Lord Shang was born in 390 BCE, 169 years prior to the reign of Qin Shi Huangdi. However, he succeeded in winning over a handful of devote followers who continued his legacy and Confucianism later went on to become one of the most influential thought systems of Chinese history. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The new emperor set about creating an empire-wide administrative bureaucracy modeled after his home state. These writings became a guide for rulers in how to organize their states using legalist beliefs. He said, when superiors love ritual, the people are easy to direct (Ebrey 22). Li Si was more critical of Confucianism than many of his predecessors, and Confucian scholars detested his reforms. Although confucianism and legalism have some similarities, but the differences between the two are amazingly clear. They are not religions: they have no teaching of worship of gods, or the afterlife; each philosophy focuses on the individual and their behavior. Confucius shaped philosophy in ancient China, but his philosophies weren't the only ones. Under Shang's regime, the people of the state of Qin had severely constrained lives: peasants could not leave their villages without travel permits; farmers who did not meet growing quotas were forced into slave labor, and minor crimes were punished with severity. Daoists believed that if all people ceased striving for glory, riches, and attainment, there would be no war, no envy, and lessened suffering. The overall goal of each philosophy was to set a standard of acceptable living that would ensure harmony and success for the society. Legalism is represented by Han Fei (Han Feizi founder), Li Si, Gongsun Yang, Shen Dao, and Shen Buhai. E 0000004114 00000 n
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While the goal of order was the same for both legalism and Confucianism, the method for achieving order was very different. He said Ritual conduct is the perfection of decorumSages comprehend it, gentleman comfortably carries them out, officials preserves them and the common people consider them custom (Ebrey 25). Scatter (or hide!) Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th-5th century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. The Analects portray an idealized gentleman, and his various duties in terms of the society, family and rituals. Qin Shi Huangdi, "first emperor" (Legalism) with this was a defending force that would factually, enforce these rules/laws and punish severely in even the most minor violations or mistakes. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. As a low aristocrat himself, Confucius also wanted to rethink notions of status, class, and hierarchy in society. Almost all crimes had similar, harsh punishments. Get this engaging resource (and a huge discount) when you purchase . Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism are the three pillars of Chinese philosophy and have influenced all thinking and actions in China since their inception. Literary works include The Analects, the Mencius, and the Xunzi. Buddhism arose in India, and eventually spread to and influenced China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. Confucianism changed the way that the empire was run. Direct link to Dylan Garner's post Could people abandon the , Posted 5 years ago. The Qin and Han had a different relationship with outsiders because the Qin preferred to keep foreigners out while the Han wanted to build a relationship with them. Unlike the other philosophies, Legalism put the emphasis on the rule rather than the ruler. In this period, the Qin state, which would later become the Qin Dynasty, attempted to unite the people and establish order from chaos. Consider how this statue differs from Lord Shang's statue above. Author's Note: Sources: Interview with my History teacher. Why did leaders of China seek out the three major schools of thought, Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism? Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Term 1 / 48 Confucianism Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 48 philosophy/belief system originating in ancient China during the Period of the Warring States which emphasized honoring, respecting, and being loyal to family to create a more ordered society. Taoism is a religious movement emphasizing personal liberty and individualism whereas Confucianism more strongly emphasizes submission, whether that be to one's elders (filial piety) or the state. 0000008503 00000 n
Legalism and Daoism. Daoism grew quickly from200-700 A.D, were more ritual practice emerged. Daoism really, tried, (and succeeded) to influence china's tought. hb```f``+ @19Em@-::tGGXPbe~F%&\
W/0N(`qC`N3fY1\fL` s@@^e3]>3ga` One of those seven states was the state of Qin, whose young ruler, King Zheng, would later become Qin Shi Huangdi, the first ruler of the Qin Dynasty, in 221 BCE. His teachings became enormously influential in organizing the principles of legalism. The two philosophes were Confucianism and Legalism. Review key features of Confucianism, and compare and contrast the tenets . The Taoist idea was that one should live in harmony with nature, and by high school, we should all know this definition and be very familiar with it. Legalism stressed a strong central government that expressed harsh laws while Confucianism had a decentralized government, placing trust in conscientious and learned individuals to work together to solve political issues. In basic terms, legalism is the government controlling the people through extreme laws and extreme punishments in order to ensure compliance. It didn't matter if you stole a loaf of bread or murdered a person - you were still a criminal. hTPn While at the court of the Qin leader, a former colleague of his, Li Si, managed to have him imprisoned. Schindler of the East: John Rabe Part 2, Schindler of the East: John Rabe Part 1, The Many Benefits of Egg Soup With Goji Berries and Logan Fruit, Plant Rescuers: The New Face of Ecological Activism, Hope for Humanity: Amazing Stories of Kindness From World War II, Jeans, Jogging, and Other Things Banned Around the World, Praying to God for Miracles: General George Patton, How Blockchain Technology Will Shape the Future, Copyright Policy and Infringement Notification. How does this statue of Laozi embody some Daoist principles? Daoists, although they believe in order, hate structure, do not believe in education, and feel wandering, or going with the flow, being with nature, is most important in life., The Similarities between Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Legalism does not concern itself with familial matters. Like how modern democracy draws from Athens democracy. Silence is valued above words; inaction and stoicism are valued above action and outrage. In short there is not that much of seperation between Daoism and Confucianism or even Buddhism or Chinese folk religion. The purpose of this ruling was to get the people of china to follow the rule, and if they didnt there was a very harsh punishment. Daoism was a philosophy of universal harmony that urged its practitioners not to get too involved in worldly affairs. According to Gartner, one of the leading research companies in the world, blockchain technology is About | Donate | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Copyright Policy and Infringement Notification. Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism all each played a role during the Warring States Period. Max Lu is an author who specializes in Asian geopolitics. Even though the two systems had different concepts about the way, the common denominator of both schools was to achieve total harmony in society. The idea behind it is that humans need to be connected with "the dao" or "the way of nature." A statue of the sage Laozi at the base of Mount Qingyuan in Fujian Province in eastern China. Did confucius ever punish people that never listened to his rules or laws? It is the third important philosophy from the Warring States Period. rose as one of the major unified empires. Like Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Buddhism, the goal of legalism was to achieve order in Chinese society during a time of unrest. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Like Daoism, Legalism did not have one founder but several people who shared similar ideas of which Han Feizi and Shangzi are well known. There are some images that come to mind when one thinks of Daoism, such as simplicity, nature, and harmony. However, one has to ask themselves: Why did Taoism originate in the first place?, Daoism (Taoism) and Confucianism are two of Chinas oldest and most pervasive philosophies. The King was no longer looked at as a god, and wanted to regain his superior power. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Here is David C. Mullen's obituary. Direct link to isela's post AUhiejfkjxuagehyiah, Development of Portable Belief Systems | 3.5. Hinduism, a polytheistic religion and perhaps the oldest of the great world religions, dates back about 6,000 years. It emphasizes strict compliance with the law by all means. It also believes that education was important for self and society. As for education, it is intolerant of all other doctrines and philosophies one should only follow the laws and teachings of government officials. Legalism applied to all social classes anyone who broke the laws was punished regardless of status. Confucianism to guide them in their relationships and Daoism to guide them in their private meditations. As a result, the philosophy known as legalism became the overriding principle for organizing government. Where all three of these enforced by the government? Students use the QR Readers on iPods, iPads, tablets, etc. According to Legalism, the state was far more important than . If they were not, then the punishment was severe enough to dissuade others from breaking the laws. Most people there have blended beliefs - they believe in proper conduct (Confucianism) the power and importance of the state (Legalism), they believe in many spirits and ghosts of ancestors (Folk religion) while maintaining the importance of the middle way and thrive to escape from Samsara. All rights reserved. ), whose masterpiece is "The Classic of the Virtue of the Tao." He believes the dialectical philosophy of inaction. According to them, a strong rule with a strict hand was necessary in order to keep the citizens from growing lazy and disrespecting the authority. The texts that Confucius taught were already ancient in Confucius' time. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. Confucius urged ethical and upright behavior, framing responsible government as a moral duty similar to parenthood. By getting Han Feizi out of the way, Li Si (c. 280-208 BCE) became the leading legalist philosopher. Laozi was the creator of daoism. Confucius shaped philosophy in ancient China, but his philosophies weren't the only ones. People accepted one another and began to accept the governments rule. Bridgette Byrd OConnor holds a DPhil in history from the University of Oxford and has taught Big History, world history, and AP US government and politics for the past 10 years at the high school level. Be sure to provide an explanation for linking each statement to a philosophy in complete sentences. Free thinking was encouraged, but it was considered disgraceful to question your elders. Legalism is based on the viewpoint that in order for a ruler to maintain order in society, people must obey a set of strict laws and those in authority (the rulers and government officials). Is an author who specializes in Asian geopolitics '' or `` the way the... A person - you were still a criminal legalism legalism was based on teachings! Regional administrative zones, all under the watchful eyes of Qin Empire officials ; and. It is the third important philosophy from the Warring States Period our website one and! Founder ), Li Si, Gongsun Yang, Shen Dao, and legalism have some similarities, the! 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